Numerous federal U.S. bankruptcies are directly linked to profound shifts in the united states of America system of law. Without “substance (Ø) ” and without real “money ($)”, there can be no “Common law” actions, recourses or remedies.
MERGED COMMON LAW WITH EQUITY JURISDICTION
U.S. Bankruptcy Merged Law with Equity
When the federal United States government corporation borrowed from the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) in excess of their ability to pay in substantive, real “money ($)”, and the private international banks demanded to be paid in gold, the sovereign state republics and their respective “state” Citizens effectively lost their sovereignty because they no longer resided in a solvent sovereign nation such as the “United States”.
Under the political prompting of the Royal Institute for International Affairs (RIIA), the British Accreditation Registry (BAR), the American Bar Association (ABA), and other international organizations, the federal U.S. government corporation accommodated the bankruptcy dilemma by merging “Common Law” with “Equity” law in such a way as to not alarm the “U.S. citizens” of their newly acquired “subject” status under “United States” and international bankruptcy laws.
From that day forward, there could no longer be an authentic “Common law” court, or distinct jurisdictions (Law, Equity, Admiralty/Maritime) as authorized by the U.S. Constitution. Henceforth, all “law” would be under “color of law” or commercial in nature. All “law” would be practiced as legislative, “statutory”, or commercial proceedings under the rules and procedures of “Equity”law or “Admiralty/Maritime”, not the “Common law”.
As every BAR-licensed attorney knows, the rules of “Equity” law are quite different from the rules of “Common law”. Equity law compels performance upon the letter of a contract obligation, or in the interest of the principal-creditor in case of financial default, but “Equity” allows a jury trial for controversies exceeding $20.00 in real “money ($)” not “fiat (Ø)” paper currency. “Equity” also outlawed debtor’s prisons.
Furthermore, American Nationals, “state” Citizens, and U.S. citizens are held accountable to the U.S. bankruptcy because of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution which we will address later in this book.
THREE DISTINCT JURISDICTIONS
U.S. Bankruptcy Tried in Admiralty Court
However, the proper jurisdiction for an international default on debt due to the U.S. bankruptcy in “Equity” law must be brought to trial in an “Admiralty/Maritime” court, which do not recognize any of the constitutional protections of the “Equity” law or “Common law” courts.
Unlike “Common law” and “Equity” jurisdictions, a jury in an “Admiralty/Maritime”court is purely advisory to the judge who may rule contrary to a jury verdict if the judge so decides “Admiralty/Maritime” courts can impose criminal penalties on those who fail to perform to the letter of the contract.
In a courtroom, you can easily recognize “Admiralty/Maritime” jurisdiction by the distinct gold-fringed flag. But the judge, the prosecutor and defense attorney will never admit the truth or fully disclose, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.
ADMIRALTY JURISDICTION FOR U.S. BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS
References:
Analysis by Johnny Liberty.
Source:Sovereign’s Handbook by Johnny Liberty (30th Anniversary Edition), Volume 2 of 3, p.16 – ?
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Dawning of the Corona Age: Navigating the Pandemic by Johnny Freedom (3rd Edition) (Printed, Bound Book or PDF)
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“Mister Speaker. We are here now in Chapter 11. Members of Congress are official trustees presiding over the greatest reorganization of any bankrupt entity in world history, the U.S. government.” ~ James Traficant, Jr. (D-Ohio) addressing the House on Wednesday, March 17, 1993, U.S. Congressional Record, Volume #33, page H1303
Shifting from Statesmen to Politicians
Since the passage of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, the federal U.S. government corporation has continued to this day to borrow and spend without limit or accountability. Trillions of “dollars (Ø)” are missing and are unaccounted for by the General Accounting Office (GAO). Executive Departments and U.S. government agencies have embezzled funds and refused to track where the “money (Ø)” authorized by the U.S. Congress was spent.
Historically speaking, power hungry, money-crazed, “elected representatives” in the U.S. Congress, the supposed guardians of the constitutional Republic, took only 20 years (1913 – 1933) to bankrupt the federal U.S. government corporation the first time. Then they “sold out” the united states of America to its foreign principals-creditors. This was the day when statesmen/stateswomen, who loved this country more than their own self-interest, became corrupt politicians instead.
In 1933, the federal U.S. government corporation declared bankruptcy for the first time by Presidential Proclamation (PP) #2039, issued March 6, 1933, and Presidential Proclamation (PP) #2040, issued March 9, 1933, which temporarily suspended all banking transactions by member banks of the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB). Normal banking functions were resumed on March 13, 1933 subject thereafter to new restrictions.
These Presidential Proclamations (PPs) took effect after U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared a “National Emergency” pursuant to Executive Orders (EOs) # 6073, 6102, 6111, and 6260 (see Senate Report 93-549, pp. 187, 594; 5 USCA§903) under Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917, codified 12 USC 95a; HJR 192 of June 5, 1933; confirmed in Perry v. U.S. (1933), 294 U.S. 330-381 and 31 USC 5112, 5119.
THE FIRST OF MANY UNDECLARED U.S. BANKRUPTCIES
Foreclosure of U.S. Government Corporation
Without advance notice, the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) effectively foreclosed on the U.S. Department of the Treasury in 1933 and demanded gold ($) to satisfy the interest payment on the debt obligations incurred since 1913. On June 5, 1933, the U.S. Congress enacted House Joint Resolution (HJR) 192 to suspend the gold standard indefinitely.
“Whereas the holding or dealing in gold affects the public interest, and are therefore subject to proper regulation and restriction; and whereas the existing ‘national emergency’ has disclosed that provisions of obligations which purport to give the obligee (Federal Reserve Bank) a right to require payment in gold.”~ House Joint Resolution (HJR) 192
Suspension of Gold Standard and Confiscation
In 1933, the Department of the U.S. Treasury (U.S. Treasury Department today) was emptied of its gold, including all its gold in the legendary Fort Knox. The gold was immediately deposited in the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB). Every state in the Union went bankrupt as well by pledging their good faith and credit (future productivity) to aid the federal U.S. government corporation.
The Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) directed U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to declare a “National Emergency” and prohibit the private ownership of gold ($) within the federal United States for U.S. citizens. U.S. citizens subjected to federal jurisdiction were ordered to deliver their gold immediately to the nearest Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) by Executive Order (EO). #6102
Although, by law, Executive Order (EO) #6102 applied only to U.S. citizens and federal government employees, other American National or sovereign “state” citizens complied (as they didn’t know any better) and handed over their real money ($) in exchange for a paper money substitute (Ø).
If you wonder why you do not have any real “money ($)”, it is because you are being robbed in broad daylight by the international “banksters” and the principals-creditors of the U.S. government corporation. Most people hardly even noticed back then until it was too late, and fewer still realize it is happening again today.
Incapable of Ever Paying Debt
Since House Joint Resolution (HJR) 192, the American people have not been capable of lawfully paying a debt. We can only exchange and transfer debt from one party to another which is what we do when we buy or sell real estate, products or services with Federal Reserve Notes (FRNs).
No debt personal or federal can ever be fully paid back. The federal/national debt and obligation to its creditors is perpetual, growing exponentially and lasting in perpetuity (until bankruptcy do us part and the federal U.S. government closes its doors forever).
“If we do not change our direction, we are likely to end up where we’re headed.” ~ Chinese Proverb
UN-PAYABLE DEBT
Profound Shift from Substantive Common Law
The indefinite suspension of the gold standard and prohibition against the payment of debts due to the fiat (fictitious) nature of the money supply, also altered the legal concept of “substance ($)” from the “Common law” jurisdiction. The profound impact of this is rarely considered. This shift from a “gold ($)” standard to a fiat “money (Ø)” supply shifted the very foundation of the entire American legal system.
Political, economic and legal systems are all interconnected and linked together. A shift in one, must then shift the context of the others with considerable effort and remarkably vast, stealthy, systemic coordination.
Under the “Common law” jurisdiction “money ($)”, for example, “gold ($)” or “silver ($)”, is lawful “substance ($)”or consideration, which was necessary for sealing a legal contract and transferring absolute “allodial” title to land. Each “Common law” contract was backed by lawful “substance (Ø)”which sealed any “Common law” contract with a minimum of $21.00 of silver, or lawful consideration.
After the first U.S. bankruptcy was declared in 1933, and the gold standard suspended indefinitely, this long standing foundation of “Common law” contracts was undermined and eventually replaced with “statutory” contracts that were and are outside the bounds of the U.S. constitution.
Lawful “money ($)” was replaced with a National Public Credit System where debt money or Federal Reserve Notes (FRNs)(Ø) would be defined as “legal tender (Ø)” to “discharge (Ø)” debts instead of real “money ($)”, once again, “gold ($)” or “silver ($)”. By implication, “Common law” was also suspended along with the gold standard indefinitely, as there was no real “money ($)” left in circulation to execute any action in law. Thus, this first U.S. bankruptcy resulted in a coup d’etat of the political, economic and legal systems.
“Except in matters governed by the federalConstitution or by Acts of Congress, the law to be applied in any case is the law of the state…there is no general federal Common law.” ~ Erie R.R. v. Thompkins, 304 US 64 (1938)
The idea of an “un-payable” debt, a “debt (Ø)” in perpetuity which can never be paid off, exists exclusively in the “Admiralty/Maritime”jurisdiction. This implies an international contract that compels specific performance.
The “principal/creditor” in the fashioning of this “federalized Common law” is the “Admiral”, a “Sovereign Power” enlarging their powers and jurisdiction over the constitutional Republic as a result of public policy declared in HJR 192. The limited liability for payment of perpetual debt falls under the “federal law merchant” and the law of Admiralty/Maritime because of the subject matter, and the nature of the cause of the action.
Thus, both the state and federal constitutions, and Common “law of the land”yielded to the “Admiralty/Maritime”, the “law of the sea”. The federal U.S. government corporation chose another “Sovereign Power” as their “Master”. Since that ill-fated day in 1933, the “Sovereign Power” has no longer been the people of the united states of America as was intended by the Founders.
The Admiral is King of the United States
The “Admiral”, and whoever or whatever entity they personify, is the new “King/Queen of the United States”. The national sovereignty of the “United States” has been effectively and invisibly transferred to the foreign principals/creditors of the federal U.S. government.
There have never been any constitutional provisions for this occurring. Nonetheless, this is exactly what has happened and is happening today. This is treason of the highest order, yet none of our leaders or “elected representatives” would dare to call it that (treason).
When the courageous U.S. Congressman Louis T. McFadden (R-PA) stood up to the mighty bankers and legislators in the 1930s, and brought impeachment charges against them, the indictments were buried in Committee and never came to the House floor for debate or consideration.
Later, McFadden was believed to have been poisoned for daring to tell the truth. Few of our “elected representatives” in Washington D.C. have dared tell the truth about the implications of the first U.S. bankruptcy of 1933.
In recent times, the outrageous, brave and courageous U.S. Congressman James Traficant, Jr. (D-Ohio) was indicted and imprisoned under false ethics charges for daring to address the U.S. Congress about the first U.S. bankruptcy in 1933, and numerous other bankruptcies since that fateful day.
The federal U.S. government corporation is perpetually “bankrupt (Ø)”. Our children will inherit this un-payable “debt (Ø)”, along with the tyranny to enforce it. Take an honest look around and tell me if this is not happening today.
CHALLENGE THE FEDERAL RESERVE BANK UNDER ADMIRALTY JURISDICTION
International Banksters
Many people not only lost their “gold ($)” in 1933, but were then paid only Ø.59 on the U.S. Dollar in worthless paper currency (Ø) when it was exchanged at the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB).
The U.S. Supreme Court upheld FDR’s radical policies due to his persistent threats to reorganize the judicial branch despite the Roosevelt Administration’s obvious unconstitutional acts. Under the Emergency Powers Act and Executive Authority of the U.S. President, the U.S. Constitution and the Common law were swept away with the stroke of a presidential pen. The “money trust” of the international bankers were firmly in charge.
The Banking Act of 1935 established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), booted out the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury and U.S. Comptroller of the Currency, then decreed that all profits of the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) would be retained exclusively by the bankers.
If you did not realize this beforehand, you now know that the federal U.S. government corporation has been “bankrupt(Ø)”, financially, legally, judicially and morally ever since that fateful day.
Instead of making a necessary course correction of this grave constitutional error by repealing or amending the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 or challenging its constitutionality under the “Admiralty/Maritime” jurisdiction, despite a few courageous efforts to do so by U.S. Congressmen Ron Paul, the U.S. Congress has cowardly continued to allow this pyramid scheme, grand theft and property confiscation to occur without question or challenge.
Property confiscation has been accomplished through many methods including via excise and income taxes, social security taxes, probate and inheritance taxes; plus, inflationary monetary policies, devaluation of the paper currency, seizures, forfeitures, condemnations, malicious prosecutions and millions of bankruptcy proceedings.
Today, like in times past, the U.S. Congress continues to borrow, spend and squeeze until the people of the united states of American cry “Uncle”. Then, there is talk about “tightening the federal budget”,“balancing the budget”or “taxing the rich”, but then they go ahead, borrowing more and more.
Twice a year, the U.S. Congress must raise the debt ceiling and get permission from the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) to do so. They must bow to their “Master”, the “Admiral”, to beg, borrow and spend more taxpayer “money (Ø)”. Every time they accomplish this, more land, property, real estate, assets, industrial capacity, and freedom are handed over to the foreign principals-creditors.
Both political parties, Republicans and Democrats, have perpetrated this travesty to this very day with little or no opposition.
LOSS OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY
The True Cost is National Sovereignty
The true cost of funding the federal U.S. government corporation shopping spree for the exclusive profits of the private international banking cartel, all at public expense, has ultimately been the loss of national sovereignty for the “United States”, our lawful sovereign “state” Citizenship, the integrity of our political, economic and judicial systems and the complete loss of the U.S. Constitution with the Bill of Rights.
“I have never seen more senators express discontent with their jobs…I think the major cause is that, deep down in our hearts, we have been accomplices in doing something terrible and unforgivable to this wonderful country. Deep down in our heart,we know that we have given our children a legacy of bankruptcy. We have defrauded our country to get ourselves elected.” ~ John Danforth (R-MO)
As a principle of law, whenever the federal U.S. government, or any corporation or government, or any legal “person” declares bankruptcy, its sovereignty is effectively transferred to its principals-creditors who then determine how to distribute the assets.
By implication, the U.S. bankruptcy is nothing less than an abrogation of national sovereignty. As a “bankrupt (Ø)” entity, the federal U.S. government corporation no longer has any lawful authority to initiate civil or criminal actions. No “bankrupt(Ø)” entity can issue credit or make loans. All U.S. government loans, benefits and grants are frauds on their face.
Thus, after the first U.S. bankruptcy the constitutional court system was suspended along with the constitutional money system, and replaced with military tribunals operating under “Admiralty/Maritime” law. These proceedings are disguised as “statutory” law in courtrooms under the occupation of the “gold-fringe” military flag of the United States.
Consequently, the power and authority of the federal U.S. government corporation resides in the sovereignty of its principals-creditors, aka Central Authority, the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) and its principals-creditors the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB).
All courts, federal, state and county, are effectively convened in “bankruptcy proceedings (Ø)” against United States “persons” and “citizens of the United States”. These proceedings are suing via the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) in an “Admiralty/Maritime” jurisdiction.
Wikipedia and Cornell Law | Senate Report 93-459, pp. 187, 594 under Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917, codified 12 USC §95a; House Joint Resolution 192 of June 5, 1933 suspended the gold standard; confirmed in Perry v. United States (1933), 294 US 330-381 and 31 USC §§5112, 5119; Velma Griggs; Freedom SchoolThe Original 13th Amendment, Inyawe Trust Company p.48 (Treasury of the US and every State went bankrupt); California Assembly and Senate adopted Joint Resolution Number 26.
Government’s Liberty…Brings Death To Freedom, p.43 (Federal Reserve creditors are the sovereign powers).
Source:Sovereign’s Handbook by Johnny Liberty (30th Anniversary Edition), Volume 2 of 3, p.47 – 52
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Sovereignty is alive and well in the hearts and minds of the Hawai’i(an) people. Here lives a sovereign people — their lands and country taken, their language and culture usurped by foreign invaders. Yet, they are still willing to share “alo’ha” with the foreigners who occupy this nation.
The Hawai’i(ans) are a peaceful, loving, land and sea-based people who have accepted parts of the modern world and integrated it into their traditions and culture. The winds of change have arrived on these islands once again and a window of opportunity has opened for reclaiming sovereignty for the Hawai’i(an) people.
“In Hawai’i, the time is ripe for all inherent Hawai’i(an) sovereigns to reclaim the sovereignty that is rightfully and lawfully theirs—to regain their lands, property, rights, traditions, ancestry, culture and language.” ~ John David Van Hove, Former Ambassador from the Kingdom of Hawai’i to the united states of America
Today in the streets of America, people will solemnly speak the word “sovereignty” as if it was the liberty bell itself tolling for the Hawai’i(an) people. Although they may not fully understand its full context and depth, “sovereignty” is better understood on the island of Hawai’i than in North America and the world.
In truth, “sovereignty” is at the core, the heart and soul of every human being, where the spirit of freedom begins and where it ends.
> ALO’HA – with spirit or breathe.
> HA’OLE – without spirit or breathe.
Every child born in this world is a natural-born sovereign individual with the innate will to be free. That will to freedom and transformation is actively suppressed by Power structures, and we are programmed by the media and schools to give up our freedom and sovereign rights for the illusion of security.
Even though the newborn child is fully dependent upon the mother and the father for survival and nourishment, a child eventually grows into adult independence with the full sovereign capacity to govern themselves as they come of age.
Each adult must eventually cast off the shackles of our social, religious and educational programming by any external authority that harnesses our desires for their benefit, and limits our visions and dreams.
The political, economic and legal systems must be brought to task and exposed for what they really are – a massive legal fiction of greedy pirates – organized crime on the high seas. Their only true power comes from massive ignorance and the blind consent of the people worldwide.
Sovereignty is the key issue on the planet for all the people today. Sovereignty is being free from any other nation’s control – to have no higher law than God. Sovereignty is not a privilege granted by one nation to another, but a natural right inherent in all the people.
The United Nations has proclaimed: “All peoples have the right to self-determination; by virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.”
This does not imply that the authority for such rights is derived from, or that an independent sovereign nation must get recognition from the United Nations (UN). This simply establishes as prima facie evidence that, even the United Nations acknowledges the principles of natural law and the “Law of Nations”.
Hawai’ian Sovereignty Groups
ALOHA
Ka Lahui
Kakaukaau
Nation of Hawai’i
Nou Ke Aqua Ke Aupuni O Hawai’i – The Kingdom of Hawai’i
Mauna Kea Anaina Hou
Pola Laenui
Protect Kahoolawe Ohana (PKO)
Hawaiian Kingdom
Hawaiian Kingdom Government
Na Koa Ikaika o Ka Lahui Hawai’i
The Wisdom of a Queen “I could not turn back the time for the political change, but there is still time to save our heritage. You must remember never to cease to act because you fear you may fail. The way to lose any earthly kingdom is to be inflexible, intolerant, and prejudicial. Another way is to be too flexible, tolerant of too many wrongs and without judgment at all. It is a razor’s edge. It is the width of a blade of pili grass. To gain the kingdom of heaven is to hear what is not said, to see what cannot be seen, and to know the unknowable— that is Alo’ha. All things in this world are two; in heaven there is but One.” ~ Lili’uokalani, 1917
References:
Wikipedia | Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement; Quote from John David Van Hove, Former Ambassador from the Kingdom of Hawai’i to the united states of America; For more on the Kingdom of Hawai’i;“Sovereign Hawai’i(an)s Handbook” by Johnny Liberty.
Wikipedia | UN proclamation on the rights of self-determination.
Wikipedia | Hawai’ian Sovereignty; Cultural Survival | Hawaiian Sovereignty; Wikipedia | U.S. Apology Resolution for the Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai’i; Wikipedia | Mililani Trask, Attorney & Professor Haunani-Kay Trask; Hawaii Nation | Restoration of Hawaiian Independence: Testimony of Dr. Francis A. Boyle.
Wikipedia | Hawai’is Story by Queen Liliuokalani (1990); Amazon
Source:Sovereign’s Handbook by Johnny Liberty (30th Anniversary Edition), Volume 1 of 3, p.90-92
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The Northwest Ordinance is the first full declaration of the U.S. government policy regarding the Indian nations. It was a policy developed during a couple of centuries of Indian/colonial relations and reflected the good intentions of European Common law.
The same doctrine was embodied in the act of August 7, 1789, as one of the first declarations of the U.S. Congress under the new Constitution.
“The utmost good faith shall always be observed toward the Indians, their lands and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and in their property rights and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed…” ~ Northwest Ordinance, 1787
The Common law maxims embodied in the ordinance were in direct confrontation with the overwhelming desire to take the land from the Indians though, and forty short years later, the covetous intentions of the federal and state governments became apparent.
“The Discovery doctrine is a concept of public international law expounded by the U.S. Supreme Court in a series of decisions, most notably Johnson v. McIntosh in 1823. Chief Justice John Marshall justified the way in which colonial powers laid claim to lands belonging to sovereign indigenous nations during the Age of Discovery. Under it, title to lands lay with the government whose subjects explored and occupied a territory whose inhabitants were not subjects of a European Christian monarch. The doctrine has been primarily used to support decisions invalidating or ignoring aboriginal possession of land in favor of colonial or post-colonial governments.” ~Johnson v. McIntosh (1823)
Indian Removal Act & Genocide
U.S. President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act (1830) into law. It was not overtly coercive, as it authorized the federal U.S. government to send negotiators to the Indians who would bargain for and promise to pay for Indian land if the natives chose to sell it. In practice though, it was a disaster, and with the encouragement of powerful individuals and state governments who coveted the territories, Indian resistance to enforcing the Act was met with military force.
Cherokee Nation, Georgia & Indian Law
During those days, the Cherokee Nation held a vast area of land within the borders of Georgia state. Considered the most civilized of the tribes, the Cherokees had adopted a representational form of government and a constitution patterned after that of the United States.
Every indication pointed to the fact that they intended to remain a sovereign nation on their ancestral territory and that they had no plans to disappear to the lands west of the Mississippi.
However, the State of Georgia was impatient to gain possession of the Cherokee’s lands and decided to proceed on its own. It arbitrarily created counties, superimposed their artificial borders over the historical Cherokee territory, and forced the foreign jurisdiction of Georgia state laws onto the Cherokee nation.
When the Cherokees attempted to redress their grievances about the matter before the U.S. Congress they were shunned, so they hired attorney William Wirt who took the issue directly to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Chief Justice John Marshall said the court did not have jurisdiction in the case of Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) on the grounds that Indians were not truly foreign nations, because they were classified separately under the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution.
He coined a new term for the occasion, “domestic, dependent nations”. He further asserted that individual Indians were in a “state of pupilage”, that is, wards of the government, and they only retained limited aspects of sovereignty through the treaties that had been signed.
Justice Smith Thompson vigorously dissented arguing that the U.S. Supreme Court did have jurisdiction. He argued that the Cherokee Nation should be considered a foreign state, an independent and sovereign nation, because the government had always dealt with the Cherokee Nation as a foreign state when entering into treaties. He did not agree with the Court’s interpretation of the commerce clause as excluding indigenous people from foreign statehood.
Justice Thompson also delineated the characteristics of a legal sovereign nation as it is still accepted in international law today. A sovereign nation must occupy a fixed territory with a population over which it exercises exclusive jurisdiction, and there must be a stable organization to administer its affairs and meet its international obligations.
The ink was hardly dry on Justice Marshall’s opinion when Samuel A. Worcester, a citizen of Vermont, was arrested by the Georgia militia for residing on Cherokee land without a license. The charges reflected the laws of the day: “…residing within the limits of the Cherokee Nation without license or permit from his excellency the Governor…”
Samuel A. Worcester was found guilty and sentenced to four years in the state penitentiary. Worcestor v. Georgia (1983) was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court where it was argued that the Georgia law was unconstitutional and therefore void because it violated U.S. treaties and the sovereign status of the Cherokee Nation.
In a dramatic departure from the decision in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, the court agreed and reversed Worcester’s conviction. This time, Justice Marshall writing for the majority said: “The Indian nations had always been considered as distinct, independent, political communities, retaining their original natural rights, as the undisputed possessors of the land, from time immemorial.”
Furthermore, according to Story’s Commentaries on the U.S. Constitution, “There were Indians, also, in several, and probably in most, of the states at that period, who were not treated as citizens, and yet, who did not form a part of independent communities or tribes, exercising general sovereignty and powers of government within the boundaries of the states.”
Law of Nations & Indian Law
Under international law and a settled doctrine under the “Law of Nations” is, that a weaker nation does not surrender its independence – its aboriginal right to self-determination and self-government – by simply associating with a stronger power, or receiving its protection.
A weaker nation, in order to provide for its security, may place itself under the protection of a more powerful state, without stripping itself of the right to govern, and consequentially, cease to be a state.
Even though the court had drastically altered its stance in Worcester v. Georgia, it was the Cherokee Nation v. Georgia majority opinion that was ultimately favored in subsequent Indian relations – much to the detriment of those classified as “domestic, dependent nations” and “wards of the government”.
References:
Special thanks to Estar Holmes for writing this section Northwest Ordinance & Indian Nations.
Wikipedia | Northwest Ordinance1797, Act of August 7, 1789.
Wikipedia | Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. (5 Peters) (1831) coined the term “domestic, dependent nations, Indians were “wards of the government” and only retained limited sovereignty through signed treaties.
Justice Thompson is but one of hundreds of dissenting U.S. Supreme Court opinions that did not prevail or become law, but were correct in its legal and moral reasoning. Majority decisions may have become the supreme law of the land from a constitutional perspective, but not necessarily a moral or legally correct decision that adheres to the intent of the founders or the U.S. Constitution; Wikipedia | U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section8 states that, Congress shall have the power to regulate Commerce with foreign nations and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes plainly and clearly determining that Indian tribes were separate from the federal government, the states, and foreign nations.
Wikipedia | Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 515 (1832).
Wikipedia | Story’s Commentaries on the U.S. Constitution (1833).
North American News Service, Summer ‘96, p.63.
Source:Sovereign’s Handbook by Johnny Liberty (30th Anniversary Edition), Volume 1 of 3,p.84-87
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“Sovereignty is the source of power and authority from which all laws and governments arise…the source of power from which all governments are created and abolished with the consent of the governed…the central concept behind all political, economic and legal systems.” ~ Johnny Liberty
All wars, battles, fights, arguments and conflicts are essentially fought between “Sovereign Powers” over land, territory, property, control and/or political ideologies. Pertinent questions to ask are:
Who or what is the Sovereign?
Who or what has power over others?
Who or what shall prevail?
Who or what makes the rules and laws?
Whereas “individual sovereignty” is about self-government and reclaiming “internal authority” over your life, another important facet of sovereignty is the intersecting point between the inner and external realms. Both the inner and outer worlds meet, as above, so below, through this enduring idea of “sovereignty”.
Whoever or whatever constitutes the “sovereignty” of a nation state (i.e., national sovereignty) has the power to create or abolish the government at will through a “declaration of independence” and/or the authoring of national constitutions, or the state chartering of corporations, and/or the founding of banks operating under the exclusive authority of the sovereign.
For the first time, since the American Republic was founded 244 years ago, has this idea of “sovereignty” extended beyond the Pope, Monarch, Caesar or Tzar to individuals – an idea inherent among all free individuals organized in a free Republic – of, by and for the people. Will the usA survive as a Republic or be buried under the ashes of time?
“When the [American] Revolution took place, the people of each State became themselves sovereign.” ~ Pollard v Hagan, 3 H. 212
With one exception, the Swiss Confederation (1848) has been a federal state of relatively autonomous cantons, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting Switzerland as the world’s oldest surviving Republic.
Sources of Sovereignty in History/Herstory
Historically in the West, prior to the American Revolution and the founding of the united states of America, or usA, there were two sources of national “sovereignty” – one political and one religious.
POPE • MONARCH
Over thousands of years there existed a multiplicity of Kings/Queens of European, Asian and African nations along with the Papacy and the Vatican; Caesars and Tzars, Sheikhs, Emirs and Sultans of Middle Eastern and Islamic nations; indigenous American nations and tribes – all of which were vested with absolute “sovereignty” by their decrees, in their hands and through their swords.
In the West, many Monarchs (e.g., Queen of England) and their respective lineages are still operative as “Sovereign Powers” in the world today along with other overlapping and often competing Power structures.
In the East, dating many more thousands of years, existed Kings/Queens, Emperors, nomadic barbarians, warlords and benevolent tribal peoples – all of which were vested with absolute “sovereignty”.
Common to both the “sovereignty” of the West and the East was the simple fact that the common people had no rights or recourse against these “Sovereign Powers”. Law-making and rule-making was absolute. Justice was often swift and ruthless. These “”Sovereign Powers” established new nations through conquest, colonialism, war, slavery, disease, economic subjugation and exploitation since the dawn of human history/herstory. These “Sovereign Powers” have also destroyed and murdered thousands of indigenous tribes and millions of indigenous people to the point of extinction.
The human story is replete with examples of “Sovereign Powers” and entire nations plundering others people, tribes and nations for their own personal, economic and political benefit.
> SOVEREIGN – Supreme, absolute, uncontrollable power and authority over a body politic; freedom from external control; superior power owing no allegiance to another; enjoying autonomy; an acknowledged leader; source of all laws and governments; organizes various entities and structures to manage and preserve their assets.
> SUBJECT – Owing allegiance to a sovereign or other ruler and is governed by his/her laws; the term is little used in countries enjoying a “republican” form of government.
In today’s world, there are 35 full-blown Monarchies, including the Papacy. Rule by Monarchy exists in 51 fully constituted states, in 36 colonies and dependencies of the world’s 197 nation states. 26 of those Kings/Queens claim personal, legal ownership to more than 20% of the surface of the planet for a total of 36,933,896,500 acres.
Of all those Monarchies, Queen Elizabeth II is the largest landowner by far (6,698,146,531 acres). In her sole name is vested the legal ownership of over one-sixth of the planets surface.
The British Empire as Sovereign Power
In modern times the British Commonwealth is led by the sovereign lineage of the Monarchy of England. Today Queen Elizabeth II and her husband Prince Phillip are still at the helm of this Sovereign Power structure despite their sometimes humble public image.
Besides being the world’s largest landowner, Queen Elizabeth II is a Queen with 32 crowns – conceivably more crowns than any single individual has ever worn in all of human history. She wears these crowns one at a time by “de facto” election, each of her royal dominions having either elected or chosen to retain the Queen as head of state.
Although it may appear the Queen of England does not have decision-making authority with regard to the day-to-day functioning of the British parliamentary government, the Queen still holds the reigns of a long genealogy of power and sovereign authority from which the British government was created.
The lineage of the British Royal Family holds vast assets in numerous “Sovereign Trusts” with a situs in the Isle of Man from which the Queen may grant equitable rights to various real estate and grant other assets to their royal favorites in exchange for loyalty. The Queen of England does not, or rarely, conveys “Sovereign Titles” to land.
The Queen of England is by far the wealthiest woman, very likely the wealthiest individual in the world, with tremendous power and control over her royal assets. Although, it may appear to an outsider that the Queen of England’s power has been diminished due to the rise of very powerful Central Banking families (e.g., Rothschild’s Bank of England), the Royal Family are still an awesome “Sovereign Power” to contend with.
During the early founding of the usA very powerful British subjects and corporations had North American colonial lands “deeded” to them by one of eleven Kings of England.
These included the Virginia Company and the New England Company which were the first charters in the New World from which the Founding Fathers originally received their titles and property. King George III was the King of England during the American Revolution.
The British people (e.g., England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales) are today and will always be, “subjects” of the Queen of England wherever they reside in the British Commonwealth including countries such as United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Grenada, Jamaica, Papua New Guinea, Soloman Islands and Tuvalu.
The Queen of England, and the six decades heir to the British Throne (e.g., Prince Charles) are still at the helm of the indisputable, invisible, behind-the-scenes Power structure of the British Empire worldwide, although many of her administrative duties have been rightfully delegated to the British government. This principle of “Sovereign Powers” applies to other Monarchies as well as their respective governments with some variation.
> REAL – From the Spanish meaning “royal”; pertaining to the succession of king deeded, estate lands; all titles flow from the sovereign; the root of the term “real” estate.
Papacy, Catholic Church and the Vatican as Sovereign Power
The independent city-state of Vatican City (108.8 acres) was established in 1929 by the Lateran Treaty on behalf of Pope Pius XI, signed by Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri, Prime Minister Benito Mussolini on behalf of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy.
Vatican City is an ecclesiastical state ruled by the Bishop of Rome – the Pope as a “Sovereign Power” on behalf of the Catholic Church. Vatican City is an “Ultra-Sovereign Canon Law Trust” from which property and assets are granted to papal favorites in exchange for loyalty and obedience. All land held by members of Catholic religious orders is ultimately held in the Pope’s name (177 million acres).
“Canon Law Trusts” served as the legal basis for most democratic and parliamentary governments formed in the New World or North America, including the Mayflower Compact, the State Commonwealths and the 1st Constitution for the united states of America (usA).
“Canon Law Trusts” represent a long lineage of a “Sovereign Power” that arose during the rise and fall of the Roman Empire, and continues to this very day.
The Pope still holds tremendous “Sovereign Power” today, both over his congregation of Roman Catholics around the world (1.2 billion), but also economic and political power through the administration of the Pope’s assets and property.
The Pope and Vatican City are the third largest “real estate” owners in the world after Queen Elizabeth II and King Salman (bin Abdulaziz Al Saud) of Saudi Arabia. Much of contemporary colonialism and the settling of the New World of North and South America arose by “papal decree”, or sovereign law-making authority, and was substantiated by the “Canon law”.
Since sovereignty is the source of power and authority from which all laws and governments arise, each “Sovereign Power” created its own system of law and then imposed that law upon their “subjects”. Laws were passed down from generation to generation, from nation to nation over a long period of time after which the source of these laws were no longer questioned.
When these “Sovereign Powers” discovered, then colonized indigenous territories and nations (i.e., Indians and tribes), the King of England and the Pope brought their respective laws to the new North American colonies. The newly founded American system of law became a hybrid of the laws that were settled at the time.
The King of England codified the “Common law,” derived from the Mosaic Law of the Old Testament and other natural laws, beginning with the Magna Carta (1215), the Petition of Rights (1618) and the Habeas Corpus Act (1679). This was the original basis by which the North American colonies governed themselves.
Forty-seven (47) states based their state constitutions on the “Common law” of England. The only exception was Louisiana based its state constitution on the French and Spanish Common law.
Alaska and Hawai’i are irregular “states”, more like U.S. possessions or territorial federal States than states of the Union. The Kingdom of Hawai’i was an independent nation before the overthrow of Hawaii’s Queen and the unlawful annexation by the United States under military rule.
The Pope codified the “Canon law”, which was integrated into the “Common law”, and was the foundation in law from which the 1st Constitution for the united states of America (usA) derived its authority which incorporated the basic tenets of religious freedom.
The “Doctrine of Discovery” was a “papal decree” that paved the way for contemporary colonialism, the exploitation of indigenous peoples worldwide, international law and the international court system.
> COMMON LAW – Unwritten, natural law codified in England from the Mosaic law of the Old Testament, Magna Carta I (1215), Petition of Rights (1618) and Habeas Corpus Act (1679).
> CANON LAW – Moral rules and laws integrated from various religious traditions especially the Roman Catholic Church; rights given by “GOD” through intuition and common sense; principles of life, liberty & the pursuit of happiness; principles of religious freedom and the 1st Amendment.
As we have learned,“Sovereign Powers” create and abolish governments at will. They charter corporations, establish trust organizations, commercial enterprises, engage in war to protect or expand their interests, and administer economic controls through Central Banking systems.
In conclusion, “Sovereign Powers” are pulling the invisible strings of corporations, banks and nation states. They are more powerful than Presidents, Senators, Congressmen or other high-ranking government officials and bureaucrats. “Sovereign Powers” are also immune from prosecution by civil authorities.
“Sovereign Powers” are more powerful than the CEO’s of Transnational Corporations, or Governors of the 50 corporate federal States. They are a complex, mostly invisible, network of individuals, nation states, business trusts, legal fictions, corporations, foreign entities, investment firms, hedge funds, and central banks.
“Sovereign Powers” operate as the source of all power and authority, protected by the rule of force through their militaries and police, while having unlimited access to both economic and political power inaccessible by their “subjects”.
Finally, here comes an evolutionary possibility with the immortal words of this author (aka Johnny Liberty), “We the People have a wild card, yet to be fully played. In the united states of America, We the People are in fact the Sovereign Power of this nation – if we reclaim and restore it. In the united states of America, every man and every woman has the inherent power to be a King or Queen in their own right, in their own home on their own property without government encroachment or interference”.
Old friend, in the united states of America (usA), We the People are either sovereign American Nationals or sovereign “state” Citizens. In fact and in law, there is no superior authority under the American system of law. It is up to each one of us to reclaim our individual sovereignty and re-establish a lawful, “de jure” Republican form of government of the people, by the people and for the people.
“There is no such thing as a power of inherent sovereignty in the government of the [federal] United States… In this country sovereignty resides in the people, and Congress can exercise no power which they [the sovereign people] have not, by their Constitution entrusted to it: All else is withheld.” ~ U.S. Supreme Court Justice Field, Julliard v. Greenman, 110 U.S. 421
Seven Aspects of Sovereignty
Every aspect of sovereignty defines the realm of a responsible, moral, ethical and integral individual. This takes enormous courage, faith, kindness and contentment to reach the levels of freedom and enjoyment we are capable of in our precious lives.
The seven aspects of sovereignty are:
Attaining physical health and well-being.
Attaining emotional health and balance.
Practicing spiritual sovereignty and the golden rule.
Freeing yourself from mental slavery.
Achieving economic sovereignty and financial independence.
Choosing your Citizenship.
Establishing true independence in your nation of choice.
The Power of Sovereignty
Based on the inherent nature of the free individual.
It is the source of authority from which all laws and governments arise.
It is based on the action of the individual being supreme.
It is a gift that you choose to give yourself.
References:
Definition of “sovereignty” by Johnny Liberty.
Findlaw | Legal citation from Pollard v. Hagan, 3 H.212.
Who Owns the World: The Surprising Truth About Every Piece of Land on the Planet by Kevin Cahill with Rob McMahon (2010), p. 12 | Amazon; The 26 Largest Individual Landowners on Earth, p.14.
Ibid, p.16.
Ibid. The Queen’s Main Independent Crowns, p.20.
Wikipedia | British America (1607 – 1783); Sourced in part from a confidential essay of the Capital Parish of the Oversoul & Pandora’s Box by Alexander Christopher, p.110.
Amazon | Who Owns the World: The Surprising Truth About Every Piece of Land on the Planet by Kevin Cahill with Rob McMahon (2010), p.33.
Sourced in part from a confidential essay of the Capital Parish of the Oversoul (print only) & Pandora’s Box by Alexander Christopher, p.110; Trusts Explained by Lonnie Crockett.
Quote by Johnny Liberty.
Wikipedia | Julliard v. Greenman, 110 U.S. 421 (1884).
Source:Sovereign’s Handbook by Johnny Liberty (30th Anniversary Edition), Volume 1 of 3,p.69 – 74
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Sovereign’s Handbook by Johnny Liberty (30th Anniversary Edition) (3-Volume Printed, Bound Book or PDF)
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Dawning of the Corona Age: Navigating the Pandemic by Johnny Freedom (3rd Edition) (Printed, Bound Book or PDF)
This comprehensive book, goes far beyond the immediate impact of the “pandemic”, but, along with the reader, imagines how our human world may be altered, both positively and negatively, long into an uncertain future. Available Now!
The Sovereign's Handbook by Johnny Liberty 